Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PETCT) is a hybrid imaging modality that provides both anatomical CT and functional PET information in a single study. In clinical practice the most widely used PET imaging tracer is the glucose analogue labelled positron emitter 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). FDG accumulates in cells that demonstrate increased glucose metabolism typically seen in malignant cells. Since its introduction in the 1990s, 18F-FDG PETCT has proven to be a valuable tool for diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.

This article provides an overview of the current indications for thoracic PETCT and highlights potential limitations and pitfalls in image acquisition and interpretation.

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