Ultrasound of deep vein thrombosis

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) refers to the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein and, while most commonly occurring in the deep veins of the lower limb and pelvis, DVTs can also occur in any deep vein, most commonly in the veins of the upper limb and neck. Ultrasound is the first-line imaging tool used when a clinician suspects that the patient may have a DVT. DVT can cause pain, swelling and hyperaemia of the affected area and may also cause venous engorgement in the affected area, but some DVTs may be asymptomatic. DVTs are of clinical concern as there is potential for the thrombus to detach from the site of origin and travel through the right side of the heart and cause a pulmonary embolus (PE). Both DVT and PE are considered part of the same overall disease process, which is called venous thromboembolism (VTE). DVTs are usually treated with anticoagulants, however these can have dangerous side effects so it is vital that an accurate diagnosis of DVT is obtained quickly so the patient can be properly managed.

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