Radiotherapy is an important modality of cancer treatment. External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) is the most common form of radiotherapy, and it is estimated that 50% of all cancer patients will receive radiotherapy at some stage during their cancer journey. There have been major technical advances in EBRT in the past few decades. Accurate radiotherapy treatments have been made possible with computed tomography (CT) simulation, allowing delivery of focused radiation to a highly defined area of the body. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has emerged over the last 20 years as the preferred method of choice for radical radiotherapy delivery. IMRT takes advantage of superior computing power to produce highly conformal radiotherapy plans utilising multiple, non-uniform radiation beams. This enables high doses of radiation to be delivered to tumours while sparing surrounding tissue.

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