Imaging of abdominal congenital vascular anomalies in dogs and cats

This article provides a comprehensive overview of congenital vascular anomalies in the abdomen of dogs and cats, focusing primarily on portosystemic shunts (PSS) and arterioportal communications. These anomalies, though uncommon, are clinically significant and often present in young animals with symptoms such as poor growth, gastrointestinal issues and neurological signs due to toxins bypassing the liver.

The article distinguishes between extrahepatic and intrahepatic PSS, noting breed predispositions and the importance of imaging in diagnosis and treatment planning. While abdominal ultrasonography has traditionally been used, CT angiography is now preferred for its superior sensitivity and ability to detail shunt morphology. CT imaging has led to better classification of shunt types and supports surgical planning through 3D reconstructions and preoperative measurements.

Although rare, arterioportal communications are also discussed, with CT angiography again highlighted as the most effective modality for identifying these anomalies and associated signs of portal hypertension, such as varices and acquired shunts.

The article concludes with a note on incidental vascular anomalies, such as duplication or segmental aplasia of the caudal vena cava, which are often clinically insignificant but detectable via imaging.

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