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cardiology

CT coronary angiography for the interventional cardiologist

Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in the UK. As part of the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease introduced in 2000, rapid access clinics have been set up for early diagnosis and treatment of cardiac chest pain. While invasive coronary angiography (ICA) remains the gold standard for the […]

Dr John Li, Dr Nazia Malik, Dr Unni Krishnan

East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

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Sports cardiac imaging: differentiating the athlete’s heart from underlying pathology

Athletic training results in a spectrum of morphologic and functional changes in cardiac structure and function that represent physiological adaptation to the increased cardiac output and changes in heart rate and blood pressure that accompany high levels of exercise. However, these structural changes may overlap with certain inherited cardiac diseases which constitute an important cause […]

Dr Lynne Williams

Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

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Dual-energy cardiac and pulmonary CT

Dual-energy computed tomography (CT) imaging involves obtaining two image datasets acquired at different tube voltages. It harnesses the difference in attenuation when different photon energy levels are applied. Using specialised software, the two images are combined to produce a variety of derived images. This has utility in both cardiac and pulmonary imaging, including improving image […]

Michelle C Williams

University of Edinburgh

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The future of nuclear cardiology: imaging ischaemic heart disease and beyond

In 1925, Dr Herrmann Blumgart performed the first diagnostic procedure using a radioactive tracer in a human (himself). Along with his co-worker Otto C Yens, then a medical student in Boston, they measured arm-to-arm circulation time using Radium C and cloud chamber detector, and found this time to be longer in individuals with cardiac decompensation […]

Dr Jason Tarkin, Dr Deepa Gopalan

Imperial College London, University of Cambridge Hospitals NHS Trust

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Stress-induced cardiomyopathy: The broken heart or ‘takotsubo’ syndrome

The fact that an individual may feel ‘broken hearted’ has been known for generations, indeed some patients have been said to ‘die of a broken heart’. The underlying mechanisms of this have always been unclear. A recently identified unique morphological and functional cardiac abnormality has been associated with patients presenting with cardiac symptoms after a […]

Dr Mike Couzins, Dr Stephen Harden

University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust

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CT in ischaemic cardiac disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death in western nations. Multi-detector CT (MDCT) images obtained with ECG gating are superior to the standard (non-ECGgated) studies due to reduction in blurring secondary to cardiac and respiratory motion, and deliver fast volume coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution. It is recognised as an […]

Dr Swamy Gedela

Basildon University Hospital

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The use of MRI for congenital cardiac disease

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging provides a tool for comprehensive cardiovascular assessment. The benefit of this imaging modality, particularly for paediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease, is undisputed. At low risk, and often within one study, CMR can give invaluable morphologic, functional and haemodynamic data. This helps guide diagnosis, risk stratification and procedural […]

Dr Marina Hughes

Great Ormond Street Hospital

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Current and future applications of cardiac nuclear medicine

Cardiac nuclear medicine refers to three techniques: 1. Radionuclide ventriculography (RNV, also known as MUGA) 2. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) 3. Positron emission tomography (PET) Radionuclide ventriculography has been largely superseded by echocardiography. Occasionally it is helpful in determining ventricular function when echocardiographic views are limited and there is a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging […]

Dr M A Loudon, Dr N Sabharwal

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust

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