In this short review, we go through case-based imaging tips for selected common presentations of orbital pathologies. The cases covered relate to presentations of proptosis, pain, ophthalmoplegia/difficulty with eye movements and palpable mass. CT and MR imaging are the most frequently requested modalities when patients present acutely or with more chronic orbital pathologies. Ultrasound has […]
Dr Cameron Ritchie, Dr Reena Dwivedi
NHS Lothian
Neurovascular imaging practices have evolved significantly over recent years, particularly with the advances in AI. This synopsis aims to provide the reader with an overview of the current imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of emergency neurovascular conditions. The most common neurovascular emergency is stroke (ischaemic and haemorrhagic), whereas neurovascular injuries (traumatic and iatrogenic) […]
Dr Fathallah Islim, Dr Mustafa Altarqane, Dr Nayyar Saleem
Leeds General Infirmary
Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) is a well established diagnostic tool for diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Ioflupane binds to the dopamine active transporters in the presynaptic membrane of the dopaminergic nerve terminals (DNT). Dopaminergic pathways in the brain are involved in various brain functions. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in […]
Dr Alp Notghi, Mr Joseph O'Brien
City Hospital
Headaches are the most common neurological presenting complaint and affect up to half of the world’s population. Current guidelines suggest conducting either a CT or MR scan to identify intracranial pathology. Of course, not all patients experiencing headaches require neuroimaging; the investigations are costly, time consuming and would unnecessarily expose patients to radiation. Primary headache […]
Fiona Choi, Dr G Pears, Dr H Wieshmann
Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
‘Time is brain’ is a common mantra among stroke specialists that perfectly sums up the urgency of shortening the time between the onset of symptoms and commencing treatment. Some 1.9 million neurons and 14 billion synapses are lost every minute during an acute ischaemic event, and compared with the normal rate of neuron loss in […]
Professor David Heatley, Associate Professor Ibrahim El rube, Professor Mohamed Abdel-Maguid
Innovation Martlesham, Taif University, Canterbury Christ Church University
The sellar region is a site of complex neuroanatomical structures with unique physiological characteristics. As such, it can give rise to a wide range of pathologies. Imaging is crucial in diagnosis and management of these conditions. It must be sensitive and specific when identifying the abnormalities to remain a useful adjunct to endocrinological markers and […]
Dr Jay Patel, Dr Shubhabrata Biswas
The Walton Centre
The last decade has seen significant strides in the application of AI within the field of radiology. With the volume of imaging increasing at a rate far greater than recruitment of consultant radiologists, AI is often considered the panacea to a labour force in dire crisis. Although there remain differences in one’s definition of AI, […]
Dr Shah Islam
National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery
The NHS spends around £2 billion per annum delivering imaging services. The ageing population and new treatments that have rendered previously devastating neurological diseases into chronic entities constantly increase the number of brain MRI scans (approximately 63k/month with 20% annual increase since 2015) with only 33% of the examinations reported on the same day. With […]
Professor Sotirios Bisdas
University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London